Everything You need to Know about ASTM B164
Overview
ASTM B164 is a very commonly used nickel alloy standard. It contains two materials, Monel 400 and Monel R-405. Product forms include rod, bar and wire. In this article, we will learn more about the most important parts of ASTM B164. This allows you to refer to when inspecting the goods.
Grades & Chemical Composition
Grades
The scope of ASTM B164 is mainly for solid solution strengthened nickel-copper alloys. The two materials are Monel 400 (UNS N04404) and Monel R-405 (UNS N04405).
Both alloys belong to nickel-copper alloys, and the high nickel content and high copper content ensure the corrosion resistance of the two alloys at room temperature. Both alloys are solid solution strengthened alloys, and the strength of the alloy can only be enhanced by cold working.
Monel 400 is an alloy with excellent corrosion resistance at ambient temperatures and is often used in marine applications.
The composition of Monel R-405 is almost the same as Monel 400, the only difference is the sulfur content. This allows Monel R-405 to improve the machinability of the alloy over Monel 400.
Chemical Composition
Monel 400 (UNS N04400)
400
Si
C
Mn
Fe
Cu
Ni
Monel R-405 (UNS N04405)
R-405
Si
C
Mn
Fe
Cu
Ni
Supplier shall perform chemical analysis of materials in accordance with ASTM B880 and ASTM E76.
Product Properties
Products in ASTM B164
Mechanical Properties
| Condition and Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Surfaces, in. (mm) |
Tensile Strength min, psi (MPa) |
Yield Strength (0.2 % offset) min. psi (MPa) |
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm (or 4D), min, % |
Rockwell Hard- ness (or equivalent) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monel 400 (UNS N04400) | ||||
| Cold-worked (as worked): | ||||
| Rounds under ½ (12.7) | 110 000 (760) | 85 000 (585) | 8 | — |
| Squares, hexagons, and rectangles under ½ (12.7) | 85 000 (585) | 55 000 (380) | 10 | — |
| Cold-worked (stress-relieved): | ||||
| Rounds under ½ (12.7) | 84 000 (580) | 50 000 (345) | 10 | — |
| Rounds, ½ to 3 ½ (12.7 to 88.9), incl | 87 000 (600) | 60 000 (415) | 20 | — |
| Rounds, over 3 ½ to 4 (88.9 to 101.6), incl | 84 000 (580) | 55 000 (380) | 20 | — |
| Squares, hexagons and rectangles, 2 (50.8) and under | 84 000 (580) | 50 000 (345) | 20 | — |
| Squares, hexagons and rectangles, over 2 (50.8) to 3⅛ (79.4), incl | 80 000 (552) | 50 000 (345) | 20 | — |
| Hot-worked (as worked or stress-relieved): | ||||
| Rounds, squares, and rectangles up to 12 (305), incl, and hexagons 2⅛ (54) and under | 80 000 (552) | 40 000 (276) | 30 | — |
| Rounds, squares, and rectangles over 12 (305) to 14 (356), incl | 75 000 (517) | 40 000 (276) | 30 | — |
| Hexagons over 2⅛ (54) to 4 (102), incl | 75 000 (517) | 30 000 (207) | 25 | — |
| Rings and disks | — | — | — | B75 to B95 |
| Hot-worked (annealed) or cold-worked (annealed): | ||||
| Rod and bar, all sizes | 70 000 (480) | 25 000 (170) | 35 | — |
| Rings and disks | — | — | — | B60 to B75 |
| Forging quality: | ||||
| All sizes | — | — | — | — |
| Monel R-405 (UNS N04405) | ||||
| Cold-worked (as worked or stress-relieved): | ||||
| Rounds, under ½ (12.7) | 85 000 (585) | 50 000 (345) | 8 | — |
| Rounds, ½ (12.7) to 3 (76.2), incl | 85 000 (585) | 50 000 (345) | 15 | — |
| Rounds, over 3 (76.2) to 4 (101.6), incl | 80 000 (552) | 50 000 (345) | 15 | — |
| Hexagons and squares 2 (50.8) and under | 85 000 (585) | 50 000 (345) | 15 | — |
| Hexagons and squares over 2 (50.8) to 3⅛ (79.4), incl | 80 000 (552) | 45 000 (310) | 15 | — |
| Hot-worked (as hot-worked or stress-relieved): | ||||
| Rounds 3 (76.2) and less | 75 000 (517) | 35 000 (241) | 30 | — |
| Hexagons and squares, 2⅛ (54) and less | 75 000 (517) | 35 000 (241) | 30 | — |
| Hexagons and squares, over 2⅛ (54) to 4 (101.6), incl | 70 000 (480) | 30 000 (207) | 25 | — |
| Hot-worked (annealed) or cold-worked (annealed): | ||||
| Rod and Bar, All sizes | 70 000 (480) | 25 000 (170) | 35 | — |
| Alloy Condition and Size, in. (mm) | Tensile Strength, psi (MPa) | Wrapping Test | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Max | ||
| UNS N04400 and N04405: | |||
| Annealed, all sizes | 70 000 (483) | 85 000 (586) | All wire shall wrap around a rod of the same diameter as the wire without cracking |
| No. 0 temper, under ½ (12.7) | 80 000 (552) | 95 000 (655) | |
| No. 1 temper, under ½ (12.7) | 90 000 (621) | 110 000 (758) | |
| UNS N04400: | |||
| Regular temper, under ½ (12.7) | 110 000 (758) | 140 000 (965) | All wire up to 0.2294 in. (5.84 mm), inclusive, shall wrap around a rod of the same diameter as the wire without cracking. Wire over 0.2294 in. diameter shall wrap around a rod of twice the wire diameter without cracking |
| Regular temper, ½ (12.7) and over | 90 000 (621) | 130 000 (896) | |
| Spring temper | |||
| 0.028 (0.71) and less | 165 000 (1138) | ... | |
| Over 0.028 (0.71) to 0.057 (1.45), incl | 160 000 (1103) | ... | |
| Over 0.057 (1.45) to 0.114 (2.90), incl | 150 000 (1034) | ... | |
| Over 0.114 (2.90) to 0.312 (7.92), incl | 140 000 (965) | ... | |
| Over 0.312 (7.92) to 0.375 (9.53), incl | 135 000 (931) | ... | |
| Over 0.375 (9.53) to 0.500 (12.7), incl | 130 000 (896) | ... | |
| Over 0.500 (12.7) to 0.563 (14.3), incl | 120 000 (827) | ... | |
Delivery State
ASTM B164 specifies different processing techniques for materials.
In terms of product form, the materials are divided into round bar & rod, flat bar, square bar, hexagon bar and wire.
In the forming process, the material is divided into hot-rolled bars, cold-drawn rod, cold-drawn bars and cold-drawn wire. Generally speaking, bars with larger diameters will use the hot rolling process, while bars, rods and wires with smaller diameters will use the cold drawing process.
Bars materials are divided into as worked, stress-relieved and annealed in the heat treatment process. Among them, the as worked state is the original state after hot rolling or cold drawing. The material in this state has the highest strength, but the toughness of the material is poor. The Stress-relieved state is an incompletely annealed state. This state not only retains a certain material strength but also increases the toughness of the material. Annealed state has the lowest strength but the best toughness of the material.
For wire, the delivery state of the material is divided into regular temper and spring temper. Regular temper is bright annealed state, that is, soft state. Spring Temper is cold-drawn and has very high strength, making it suitable for springs.
All materials are generally delivered in the annealed state by default. If there are other requirements, please confirm with the supplier.
Other Information
Dimension
Tolerances for bars and wires are specified in the ASTM B164 standard. Note that hot-rolled bars, cold-drawn bars and wires have different tolerance requirements. You can also confirm with your supplier if you have tighter tolerance requirements. We can achieve more precise dimensions by grinding.
Roundness
The roundness of the round bar & rod is specified in the ASTM B164 standard. For hot-rolled round bars, the roundness of the material can already be guaranteed. By default, we continue to polish the material, which further ensures roundness. For cold-drawn rods, the roundness of the material itself is excellent, and we still polish the material by default. For forged round bars, the roundness of the material cannot be precisely controlled, so the standard does not specify this. But we can also ensure the roundness of the material by grinding.
Straightness
The straightness of the material is also specified in the standard. In fact, with the exception of forged black rods, the straightness of the material is nothing to worry about. Manufacturers will straighten these materials. As mentioned above, we default to delivery in polished condition. Only when the straightness reaches the standard can the polishing process be carried out completely. Therefore, as long as it is a bright bar, there is no problem with straightness.
Certification
The supplier should provide the material test certificate corresponding to the material before shipment. The certificate should contain the standard, size, heat number, chemical composition, mechanical properties, smelting method and other necessary information.
Conclusion
ASTM B164 includes rod, bar and wire for Monel 400 and Monel R-405. Standards specify the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and dimensional tolerances of materials.
We produce the above products strictly in accordance with ASTM B164. If you have any needs, welcome to inquire.
